• 21 John Yeo Drive Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1E 3j3

Periodontal Disease

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Periodontal means “around the tooth.” Periodontal disease affects the gums and bone that support your teeth. It starts when plaque (a sticky film of bacteria, food debris, and saliva) is not fully removed. Over time, plaque hardens into calculus (tartar), which irritates the gums and can lead to inflammation, infection, and bone loss.

Gum disease often doesn’t hurt at first, which is why many people don’t realize they have it—early detection is key.

Why Gum Health Matters

  • Gum disease is a leading cause of tooth loss in adults.
  • Inflammation from periodontal disease has been linked to conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
  • Treating gum disease can help protect both your oral and overall health.
  • Good daily home care, a balanced diet, and regular dental visits reduce your risk significantly.

Stages of Gum Disease

Gingivitis (Early Stage)

  • Signs: Red, swollen gums that bleed when you brush or floss, and bad breath.
  • Cause: Plaque at the gumline.
  • Good news: Gingivitis is reversible with professional cleaning and great home care.

 

Periodontitis (Advanced Stage)

  • Signs: Gums pull away from teeth (recession), deep pockets around teeth, loose or shifting teeth, persistent bad breath, and sometimes pus.
  • Cause: Long-standing plaque and tartar with bacterial infection that damages the supporting bone.
  • Treatment goal: Stop progression, reduce pocket depths, and protect remaining bone.

Common Signs & Symptoms

  • Gums that bleed when brushing or flossing
  • Red, puffy, or tender gums
  • Receding gums or teeth that look longer
  • Persistent bad breath or bad taste
  • New spaces between teeth or shifting bite
  • Loose teeth or changes in how your teeth fit together
  • Pus around gums or teeth
  • Tooth or gum soreness
  • If you notice any of the above, book an exam—early care is simpler and more comfortable.

Who’s at Higher Risk?

  • Irregular home care or infrequent dental visits
  • Smoking or vaping
  • Dry mouth (certain medications, mouth breathing)
  • Ill-fitting restorations or crowded teeth that trap plaque
  • Family history of gum disease
  • Hormonal changes (pregnancy, menopause)
  • We’ll review your medical history and tailor a plan to your risk level.

How We Diagnose Gum Disease

  • Gum measurements (periodontal charting) to check pocket depths
  • Digital X-rays to evaluate bone support
  • Clinical assessment of bleeding, plaque/tartar, mobility, and recession

How We Treat Gum Disease

Treatment is customized, but often includes:

  • Professional cleaning for gingivitis
  • Scaling and root planing (deep cleaning) to remove tartar below the gumline and smooth root surfaces
  • Local medications or rinses (when appropriate)
  • Bite/occlusion adjustments and home-care coaching

In advanced cases, we may discuss surgical options or refer collaboratively to ensure the best outcome.

Periodontal Maintenance = Long-Term Health

After active therapy, most patients need periodontal maintenance every 3–4 months to control bacteria and keep pockets stable. This schedule is different from a standard “6-month cleaning” and is critical to protecting your results.

What You Can Do at Home

  • Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste (2 minutes)
  • Clean between teeth daily (floss/interdental brushes/water flosser)
  • Consider an electric toothbrush for more consistent plaque removal
  • Limit frequent sugary or acidic snacks/drinks; sip water often
  • Quit smoking/vaping—we’re here to help with resources
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